DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)

Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan tenses, struktur kalimat, pronoun (kata ganti orang), Possessive (kata ganti kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan tempat.

Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.

Jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu diulang (kalimat tidak langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi tetapi menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah if/whether dan what, why, where, when, who, how. Begitu pula jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka di kalimat tidak langsung menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+) to infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1 

Contoh Kalimat 

Kalimat langsung/direct	Kalimat tidak langsung/indirect
(+) He said, “ I have a present for you in my bag.” (-) He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag” (?) He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?” (?) He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag? (!) He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!” (!) He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag here!”	(+) He said that he had a present for me in his bag. (-) He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag. (?) He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in his bag. (?) He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag. (!) He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then. (!) He ordered me not to bring my bag there.

Perubahan Tenses

Direct (kalimat langsung)	Indirect (kalimat tidak langsung)
Simple Present Present Continuous Present Future Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Continuous	Simple Past Past Continuous Past Future Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous

Lebih singkatnya perubahan tenses tersebut adalah:

Direct	Indirect
V1 (eat) V2 (ate) Am/is/are Do/does Do/does not Did not Was/were Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were +V-ing Has/have + V3 Will/shall/can/may/must Could/might/should/would + V1/be	V2  (ate) Had + V3  (had eaten) Was/were Did Did not Had not + V3 Had been Was/were + V-ing Had been + V-ing Had + V3 Would/should/could/might/had to could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

Perubahan Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat

Direct	Indirect
Now Today Tomorrow   Next…  Last…   …ago  Yesterday   The day before yesterday Here This These	Then That day The next day The day after The following day A day later The… after The following… The…before The previous … The preceeding …before …earlier The day before The previous day The preceeding day Two day before There That those